INFANCY: PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

   What are the sequences of physical development?

•  Cephalocaudal Development: By 8 weeks after conception, the head occurs half of the embryo also the brain develops more radiply than spinal cord. In term of motor development;"they can hold up their heads before they control their arms,torsos and finally legs and they can sit up before they crawl, walk." The brain regulates basic function "heartbeart" and secretion of hormones regulates feelings hunger- thirsty. 
•  Proximodıstal Development: Growth and development continues from head to outward . This developmet makes sense because of nerves The brain and spinal cord follow a central axis down through body." before the babies can gain contral over the arms and legs also organs system "respiration, heartbeat, digestion.." has been complated. When the baby was born, the system is ready to operate. In term of motor development, "they gain control over their trunks and shoulders before they can control their arms and hands so The babies clumsy swipes at object withthier arms before
• Differentiation: Children mature their physical reaction become less global and more specific. For example, the babies cry everthings when they become stress or hurt heir somewhere but toddlers whitdraw to burn their hands, they cry more important situations.

   Growth Patterns in Height and Weight: During the first year after birth, gains in height and weight. Infants usually double their weight in about 5 months and triple it by the first birthday( Kuczmarski et. al., 2000). Their height increases by about 50% in the first year, child whose lenght at birth was 20 inches is to be about 30 inches tall at 12 months.

Changes in Body Proportions: By the first birthday, the neck has begun to lengthen visibly. The arms grow more rapidly than the legs do at first, by the second birthday; the arms are actually longer than legs. The legs then grow more rapidly.

 Failure to Thrive: There are two types FTT. The one of  FTT is biological bases (organic). health problem is defined failure nutrition other is nonbiologically FTT has psychological and social roots. "historically researcher"
     Couse:  feeding problems are central. children with FTT solid to being hungry. FTT is not only to slow physical growth but also to cognitive, behavioral and emotional  problems. (Black et al.,2007). 
     For instance, they express more negative feeling and they refuse to make eye contact with adult.

  
NUTRITION: FUELING DEVELOPMENT
  What are the nutritional needs of infants?

     The first 6 months are very important for development of baby. During the first 4 months, the tangue- thrust reflex protects the infants from choking than they learn to swollew and they can show hunger or when they are full, infants turn their heads.
  The breast-food is the most valuable treasure for babies in the world as it has in  proteins and carbohydrates also low in fat. The breast- food carries many of the mother's antibodies and it is gained strength functioning of the baby's immune system.

•  Beast-food help to prevent problem ( pneumania, wheezing, bronchiolitis...)
• Beast milk protects against the form of cancer (lymphoma)
•  Infants who are nourished by bottle-fed  can expose more allergic responses and constipation.
• Breast-food prevents to be obesity later in life